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    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Rea Press</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">null</journal-id>
      <journal-title>Rea Press</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">3042-1357</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3042-1357</issn><publisher>
      	<publisher-name>Rea Press</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">https://doi.org/10.48313/mtei.v3i2.84</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group><subject>Fuzzy logic control, Fuzzy controller, Three-dimensional tracking, Missile tracking, Differential evolution, Multi-objective optimization, Genetic algorithm</subject></subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Multi-Objective Optimization of a Fuzzy Tracking Controller Using Differential Evolution for Nonlinear Three-Dimensional Tracking</article-title><subtitle>Multi-Objective Optimization of a Fuzzy Tracking Controller Using Differential Evolution for Nonlinear Three-Dimensional Tracking</subtitle></title-group>
      <contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name name-style="western">
	<surname>Seyed Esmaeil </surname>
		<given-names>Najafi </given-names>
	</name>
	<aff>Department of Industrial Engineering, S.R.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.</aff>
	</contrib><contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name name-style="western">
	<surname>Poorahangryan </surname>
		<given-names>Fereshteh </given-names>
	</name>
	<aff>Department of Electrical Engineering, Ayandegan University, Tonekabon, Iran.</aff>
	</contrib><contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name name-style="western">
	<surname>Jamali </surname>
		<given-names>Ali </given-names>
	</name>
	<aff>Department of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.</aff>
	</contrib></contrib-group>		
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>14</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>3</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© 2026 Rea Press</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/"><p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p></license>
      </permissions>
      <related-article related-article-type="companion" vol="2" page="e235" id="RA1" ext-link-type="pmc">
			<article-title>Multi-Objective Optimization of a Fuzzy Tracking Controller Using Differential Evolution for Nonlinear Three-Dimensional Tracking</article-title>
      </related-article>
	  <abstract abstract-type="toc">
		<p>
			The issue of three-dimensional tracking in a system involving nonlinear dynamics, couplings, uncertainties, and varying working conditions has become a challenge in current control engineering practice. It is of vital importance that in such a case, the precision of tracking is maximized while the control effort and energy consumed are minimized. In this paper, the optimized Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) has been designed for the three-dimensional tracking of a missile (satellite) through application of the Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm. The fuzzy membership function parameters are considered as design parameters, and the minimization of both the tracking error and energy is performed simultaneously as conflicting objectives. The parameters of the membership functions have been optimized through the use of the DE algorithm, and the performance of the controller has been enhanced. The results obtained through simulation prove that the fuzzy control based on DE yields an ideal compromise between tracking performance and energy utilization as compared to  Proportional, Integral, and Derivative (PID) and Genetic Algorithm (GA)-based controllers in terms of overshoot and settling time. The proposed method serves as an efficient technique for the optimal design of fuzzy controllers for tracking problems in three-dimensional space. 
		</p>
		</abstract>
    </article-meta>
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